{"id":14598,"date":"2025-10-14T21:30:25","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T13:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/?p=14598"},"modified":"2025-10-14T21:32:06","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T13:32:06","slug":"bacteria-in-wastewater-treatment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/fa\/bacteria-in-wastewater-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0628: \u0631\u0634\u062f, \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"toc\">\n<h2>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/h2>\n<nav>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#intro\">1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#role\">2. \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#growth\">3. \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc &amp; \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#growth-factors\">3.1 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#lab-vs-ww\">3.2 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#curve\">4. \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u064a\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#types\">5. \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#env-op\">6. \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#rates\">7. \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0646\u0631\u062e: \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#monitoring\">8. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#recovery\">9. Recovery &amp; Bioaugmentation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">10. \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u064a\u0631\u06cc<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"intro\">\n<h2>1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0628; \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627 <strong>95%<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647. \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u06cc (\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0633\u0641\u0631) \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f. \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u2014\u0646\u0631\u062e \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u2014\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-14602\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bacteria-in-waste-water-treatment.jpg\" alt=\"\u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0628\" width=\"700\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bacteria-in-waste-water-treatment.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bacteria-in-waste-water-treatment-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bacteria-in-waste-water-treatment-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"role\">\n<h2>2. \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc enzymatically \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647). \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0645 <em>flocs<\/em>\u2014\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u06cc (EPS) \u0648 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0648 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc. \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0627 (\u062a\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0686 metazoa) \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634, \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"growth\">\n<h2>3. \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc &amp; \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc (\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0648 pH \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0644\u0648\u06a9\u0632) \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f: <strong>~11 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0645\u062f\u062a 20-30 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0698\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0641 (\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 BOD\/COD degraders):<\/strong> \u2248 <strong>30-60 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647<\/strong> \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06a9 \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 (nitrifiers):<\/strong> \u2248 <strong>48 \u062a\u0627 72 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc; \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0647 <strong>\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"growth-factors\">\n<h3>3.1 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633:<\/strong> \u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u063a\u0644\u0638\u062a \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0698\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u0647:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc\/\u0628\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 pH:<\/strong> \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628.<\/li>\n<li><strong>F\/M (\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645):<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 F\/M \u2192 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 heterotrophic \u0631\u0634\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 F\/M \u0646\u0639\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0641\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\/\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637:<\/strong> HRT \u0634\u0648\u06a9 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u062c\u0646 \u0633\u0646 (MCRT):<\/strong> \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 MCRT \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 nitrifiers) \u0648 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"lab-vs-ww\">\n<h3>3.2 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u062a (E. coli \u06af\u0644\u0648\u06a9\u0632)<\/td>\n<td>~20 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 (\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc ~11 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647)<\/td>\n<td>\u0622\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u063a\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0634\u0647\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0644\u062c\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 (\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628)<\/td>\n<td>30-60 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 (heterotrophs)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647; \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u064a\u0631\u062f (\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u062f)<\/td>\n<td>&gt;30 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 temp\/\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a pH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nitrifiers (AOB\/\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0647)<\/td>\n<td>48 \u062a\u0627 72 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a (\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f; \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0648<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"curve\">\n<h2>4. \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u064a\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>4.1 \u062a\u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0632<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc; \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0634\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631. \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc. \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>4.2 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f (\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc) \u0641\u0627\u0632<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 F\/M \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 heterotrophic \u0631\u0634\u062f. \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0698\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u062e (\u0645\u0627) \u0627\u0648\u062c \u06a9\u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n<h3>4.3 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0632<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 (nitrifiers, PAOs \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627) \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u062c\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u2014 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u06cc.<\/p>\n<h3>4.4 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0627 (\u0645\u0631\u06af) \u0641\u0627\u0632<\/h3>\n<p>\u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 BOD \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc). \u0644\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>4.5 Steady-State \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>Steady-state \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a. \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"types\">\n<h2>5. \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u062c\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/h2>\n<h3>5.1 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0698\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644; \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 nitrifiers (AOB\/\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0647). \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc nitrification \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644\u06cc.<\/p>\n<h3>5.2 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06af\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0646 (\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0698\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 acceptors). \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u062c\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0698\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>5.3 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 acceptors \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a<sub>2<\/sub>; \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u06a9\u0633 \u0648 methanogens \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0636\u0645 \u0628\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>5.4 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u067e\u06cc \u0627\u06cc<\/strong> \u2014 \u0641\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a-\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 (\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0641\u0633\u0641\u0631)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u06af\u0627\u0626\u0648<\/strong> \u2014 \u06af\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0698\u0646-\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 (\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627 PAOs)<\/li>\n<li><strong>AOB \/ \u0642\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0647<\/strong> \u2014 nitrifiers (\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06a9 \u2192 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a \u2192 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a)<\/li>\n<li><strong>NRB<\/strong> \u2014 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\/\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u06a9\u0633 (\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc<\/strong> \u2014 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u062d\u062c\u06cc\u0645\/\u0641\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"env-op\">\n<h2>6. \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0632\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 setpoints \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc\/\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 &amp; MCRT:<\/strong> \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc, VFDs \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0645\u067e \u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u06a9 \u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062d\u0644 \u0648 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0632\u062f\u0646:<\/strong> \u062d\u0641\u0638 MLSS \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 2000\u20134000 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0645\/L \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627) \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u2265 ~2 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0645\/L \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632 weirs \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0633\/\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0634 \u0636\u062f \u0639\u0641\u0648\u0646\u06cc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"rates\">\n<h2>7. \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0646\u0631\u062e: \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc WWTPs:<\/strong> \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633; heterotrophs 30-60 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647; \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc ~11 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc WWTPs:<\/strong> \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0632\u0627; \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0648 30 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647\u2013\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nitrifiers:<\/strong> \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647; 48 \u062a\u0627 72 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0627 15 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc bioaugmentation \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"monitoring\">\n<h2>8. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/h2>\n<h3>8.1 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0698\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u062e (\u0645\u0627)<\/li>\n<li>Sludge Volume Index (SVI) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 (SV30)<\/li>\n<li>\u063a\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 (\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a F\/M)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a (MCRT)<\/li>\n<li>ATP \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0634 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0622\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>8.2 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc &amp; \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u067e\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 (qPCR, metagenomics \u0647\u0627, \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u067e) \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PAOs, GAOs, AOB &amp; \u0642\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0647, NRB<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc (\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0647)<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u067e\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0632\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"recovery\">\n<h2>9. Recovery &amp; Bioaugmentation<\/h2>\n<h3>9.1 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 nitrifiers \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u06a9 \u0633\u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637. \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0644\u062c\u0646 \u06af\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u06cc<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0648 \u0636\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a F\/M \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>9.2 Bioaugmentation<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0634\u062a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 (RAS) \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 MLSS \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 (\u0634\u0647\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc)<\/li>\n<li>\u06a9\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0633\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc nitrifiers \u0648 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"conclusion\">\n<h2>10. \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u064a\u0631\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0631\u0634\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0630\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0698\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a F\/M \u0648 MCRT. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631\u2014\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u2014\u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 bioaugmentation \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0641 \u0648 \u062d\u062c\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647. \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06cc.<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Role of Bacteria in Wastewater Treatment 3. Bacterial Growth &amp; Cell Generation Time 3.1 Factors Affecting Growth 3.2 Lab vs. Wastewater Growth 4. Microbial Growth Curve &amp; Application 5. Types of Bacteria in Activated Sludge 6. Environmental &amp; Operational Influences 7. Cell Generation Rates: Municipal vs Industrial 8. 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