{"id":14553,"date":"2025-08-27T16:44:09","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T08:44:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/?p=14553"},"modified":"2025-08-06T21:22:47","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T13:22:47","slug":"how-to-calculate-and-remove-tss-in-wastewater","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/ms\/how-to-calculate-and-remove-tss-in-wastewater\/","title":{"rendered":"Bagaimana untuk Mengira dan Keluarkan Sejumlah Digantung Padatan (PUSAT) dalam air Sisa Rawatan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- Table of Contents --><\/p>\n<nav>\n<h2><img alt=\"\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-14559\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/TSS.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/TSS.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/TSS-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/TSS-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2>Isi Kandungan<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#introduction\">1. Pengenalan\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#why-tss-matters\">\u00a02. Mengapa TSS Penting<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#environmental-impacts\">2.1 Kesan Alam Sekitar\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#health-safety-risks\">2.2 Risiko Kesihatan dan Keselamatan\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#operational-challenges\">2.3 Cabaran Operasi dan Rawatan\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sources-of-tss\">3. Common Sources of TSS in Wastewater\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#relationship-bod-cod\">4. Hubungan Antara TSS, BOD dan COD\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#calculating-removal\">5. Mengira Kecekapan Penyingkiran TSS\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#methods-removing-tss\">\u00a06. Kaedah Penyingkiran TSS<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#biological-treatment\">6.1 Rawatan Biologi\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#coagulation-flocculation\">6.2 Koagulasi dan Flokulasi\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#physical-filtration\">6.3 Penapisan Fizikal\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#oxidation-processes\">6.4 Proses Pengoksidaan\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#best-practices\">7. Amalan Terbaik untuk Pengurusan TSS\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\">1. Pengenalan<\/h2>\n<p>Total Suspended Solids (TSS) are the particulate matter larger than 2 \u00b5m that remain suspended in water, unable to dissolve. As a critical water-quality parameter, TSS is often regulated under discharge permits. Controlling TSS within permitted limits is essential for environmental compliance, protecting aquatic life, and avoiding regulatory penalties.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"why-tss-matters\">2. Mengapa TSS Penting<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"environmental-impacts\">2.1 Kesan Alam Sekitar<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reduced dissolved oxygen<\/strong><br \/>\nSuspended particles increase the oxygen demand of microorganisms, depleting dissolved oxygen (DO) and stressing aquatic species.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ecosystem disruption<\/strong><br \/>\nHigh turbidity blocks sunlight, hindering photosynthesis in aquatic plants and disrupting food chains.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"health-safety-risks\">2.2 Risiko Kesihatan dan Keselamatan<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pathogens and toxins<\/strong><br \/>\nBacteria, viruses, or heavy metals may adsorb onto particulates, posing risks if ingested.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Drinking water concerns<\/strong><br \/>\nWater with elevated TSS is unsuitable for direct consumption without thorough treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"operational-challenges\">2.3 Cabaran Operasi dan Rawatan<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Clogging and wear<\/strong><br \/>\nHigh TSS levels abrasively damage pumps, pipes, and filters, leading to frequent maintenance and downtime.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reduced treatment efficiency<\/strong><br \/>\nExcess solids can inhibit aerobic processes and, in severe cases, lead to unwanted anaerobic digestion and methane generation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"sources-of-tss\">3. Common Sources of TSS in Wastewater<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Natural inputs<\/strong> \u2014 Soil erosion, stormwater runoff, algal blooms.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Industrial and urban activities<\/strong> \u2014 Manufacturing effluents, food and beverage processing, landfill leachate, construction site runoff.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Biogenic material<\/strong> \u2014 Leaves, grass, and organic detritus introduced via sewer inlets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"relationship-bod-cod\">4. Hubungan Antara TSS, BOD dan COD<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Biokimia Oksigen Permintaan (BAD)<\/strong> measures oxygen consumed by bacteria to decompose organic matter. Higher TSS often correlates with higher BOD.<br \/>\n<strong>Kimia Oksigen Permintaan (COD)<\/strong> quantifies oxygen required to chemically oxidize organic compounds. Reducing TSS also lowers COD, improving overall water clarity and oxygen availability.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"calculating-removal\">5. Mengira Kecekapan Penyingkiran TSS<\/h2>\n<p>To determine how effectively a treatment process removes TSS:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Measure influent TSS concentration (TSS<sub>i<\/sub>) and effluent TSS concentration (TSS<sub>e<\/sub>) in mg\/L.<\/li>\n<li>Apply the formula:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Removal Efficiency (%) =<br \/>\n(TSS<sub>i<\/sub> \u2212 TSS<sub>e<\/sub>) \/ TSS<sub>i<\/sub> \u00d7 100<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"methods-removing-tss\">6. Kaedah Penyingkiran TSS<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"biological-treatment\">6.1 Rawatan Biologi<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Aerobic treatment<\/strong> uses oxygen and microorganisms to digest organic particulates, producing volatile suspended solids (VSS) or sludge.<br \/>\n<strong>Anaerobic treatment<\/strong> operates without oxygen, transforming organics into biogas.<\/p>\n<p><em>Key equipment:<\/em> Fine-bubble diffusers and disc diffusers enhance oxygen transfer efficiency in aerobic reactors.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"coagulation-flocculation\">6.2 Koagulasi dan Flokulasi<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Chemical addition<\/strong> (e.g., polymers, alum) destabilizes and aggregates fine particles into larger flocs.<br \/>\n<strong>Separation<\/strong> via sedimentation, screening, or filtration removes these flocs.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"physical-filtration\">6.3 Penapisan Fizikal<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Screening and mesh filters<\/strong> capture large solids.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Depth filters and sand filters<\/strong> remove finer particles.<\/li>\n<li><em>Tip:<\/em> Use rotary valves rather than piston valves to minimize wear on seals and prevent solids packing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"oxidation-processes\">6.4 Proses Pengoksidaan<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Ozone<\/strong>, <strong>UV<\/strong>, dan <strong>hydroxyl radicals<\/strong> break down or enlarge organic particles, easing subsequent removal.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"best-practices\">7. Amalan Terbaik untuk Pengurusan TSS<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Regular monitoring:<\/strong> Continuously sample TSS to detect spikes early.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Source control:<\/strong> Implement erosion controls and pretreatment at industrial sites.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Process optimization:<\/strong> Adjust coagulant dosage, hydraulic retention times, and diffuser maintenance schedules.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Advanced technologies:<\/strong> Explore membrane bioreactors, electrocoagulation, or green infrastructure solutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents 1. Introduction\u00a0 \u00a02. Why TSS Matters 2.1 Environmental Impacts\u00a0 2.2 Health and Safety Risks\u00a0 2.3 Operational and Treatment Challenges\u00a0 3. Common Sources of TSS in Wastewater\u00a0 4. Relationship Between TSS, BOD, and COD\u00a0 5. Calculating TSS Removal Efficiency\u00a0 \u00a06. Methods for Removing TSS 6.1 Biological Treatment\u00a0 6.2 Coagulation and Flocculation\u00a0 6.3 Physical [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":14559,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"How to Calculate and Remove Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in Wastewater","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"both","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":301,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water-treatment"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14553"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14567,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14553\/revisions\/14567"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbbr-media.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}